Unitampnbsp4ampnbspAstronomyam

　　unit4astronomy：thescienceofthestars
　　单元要览类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题scienceofthestars；thedevelopmentoflife；spacetravelandgravity词汇astronomyn。天文学existvi。存在；生存systemn。系统；体系；制度thusadv。因此；于是religionn。宗教；宗教信仰dioxiden。二氧化物theoryn。学说；理论biologyn。生物学atomn。原子biologistn。生物学家billionpron。amp；n。amp；adj。（英）万亿；（美）十亿puzzlen。迷；难题vt。amp；vi。（使）迷惑；（使）为难globen。球体；地球仪；地球gravityn。万有引力；重力violentadj。猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的floatvt。amp；vi。（使）浮动；（使）漂浮n。漂浮物carbonn。碳gentleadj。温和的；文雅的atmospheren。大气层；气氛physicistn。物理学家unlikeprep。不同；不像climaten。气候fundamentaladj。基本的；基础的crashvt。amp；vi。碰撞；坠落harmfuladj。有害的spaceshipn。宇宙飞船acidn。酸pulln。amp；vt。拉；拖；牵引力chainn。链子；连锁；锁链satelliten。卫星；人造卫星multiplyvt。amp；vi。乘；增加massn。质量；团；块；大量oxygenn。氧exhaustvt。用尽；耗尽短语solarsystem太阳系blockout挡住（光线）intime及时；终于cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋layeggs下蛋nowthat既然givebirthto产生；分娩breakout突发；爆发inone’sturn轮到某人；接着watchout密切注视；当心；提防carbondioxide二氧化碳prevent。。。from阻止；制止重要句型1。whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4。5and3。8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe。（betodo；whatclauseasthesubject）2。theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot。（so。。。that；itiswasnotadj。whetherclause）3。whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearonitssurface。（whatclauseasthesubject；thatclauseasthepredicative）4。itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife。〔itiswas（not）adj。that〕5。sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved。（whetherclauseasthesubject；dependonwhetherclauseastheobject）功能instructions：pleasepayattentionto。。。pleasecheckthat。。。。youneed。。。don’tforgetto。。。makesurethat。。。。watchoutfor。。。you’dbetter。。。youmustmustn’t。。。pleaselookat。。。语法nounclausesasthesubjectwhatitwastobecomewasuncertain。。。。。。itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot。教学重点1。getstudentstolearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearthandmakingaspacetrip。2。havestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsandletthemlearneffectivewaystorememberenglishvocabulary。3。enablestudentstousetheexpressionsofinstructionscorrectlyindailylife。4。letstudentslearnthenewgrammaritem：nounclausesasthesubject。5。developstudents’listening，speaking，readingandwritingabilities。教学难点1。enablestudentstomastertheuseofnounclausesasthesubject。2。letstudentslearntowriteashortarticletoshowtheirproblemsandthewaystoovercomethem。3。developstudents’integrativeskills。课时安排periodsneeded：7period1warmingupandreadingperiod2learningaboutlanguage：importantlanguagepointsperiod3learningaboutlanguage：grammarperiod4usinglanguage：listeningandspeakingperiod5usinglanguage：extensivereadingperiod6usinglanguage：speakingandwritingperiod7revision：summingupandlearningtip
　　period1warmingupandreading
　　整体设计教材分析thisisthefirstteachingperiodofthisunit。atthebeginningoftheclass，theteachercanleadinthetopicoftheunitbyhavingafreetalkwithstudentsaboutsomefamousscientistsandwhattheyhavediscovered。thenturntowarmingup。itisintendedtohavestudentsthinkaboutandthendiscussthesetwogroupsofquestions：1。inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun。whatarethey？canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets？2。whatinterestsyouinastronomy？doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin？prereadingistoremindstudentsthattheoriginoflifeontheearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomersandeachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth。theteachershouldaskstudentswhattheyknowabouttheseandthenletthempredictwhatkindofinformationwillbeintroducedinthenextpartreading。thereadingpassagetitledhowlifebeganontheearthprovidesstudentsabriefintroductiononhowtheuniversedevelopedandhowlifebeganontheearth。itprovidesascientificbackgroundtoanyinvestigationintospaceanditisfactual。studentsareencouragedtopreviewthetextandfindouttheusefulnewwords，expressionsandstructuresthemselves。theyshouldtrytoworkoutthemeaningsofthenewwordsthroughthecontext。thenifnecessary，theycanlookthemupinthedictionaryorturntotheteacherforhelp。alsoencouragethemtolookatthepicturesandreadthetitletoguesswhatthetextmightbeabout。thenletthemskimforthegeneralidea，andscanforfurtherunderstanding。inordernottoletthemfeelmuchdifficult，theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading。afterreading，studentsarerequiredtodothefiveexercisesinthecomprehendingtoseehowmuchtheyhaveunderstoodthereadingpassage。theteachercanfirstletthemworkinpairsoringroupstofindtheanswerscooperatively，andthenchecktheiranswerswiththewholeclass。toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage，studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassage。inordertoarousethestudents’interest，theteachercanholdacompetition。教学重点1。letstudentsreadthepassageandlearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth。2。getstudentstolearndifferentreadingskills，especiallythereadingabilityofunderstandingimpliedmeaningoftheauthor。教学难点1。enablestudentstounderstandthepassageandknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth。2。letstudentslearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes。三维目标知识目标1。getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart：astronomy，system，religion，theory，atom，billion，globe，violent，carbon，atmosphere，unlike，fundamental，harmful，acid，chain，multiply，oxygen，exist，thus，dioxide，puzzle，solarsystem，intime，layeggs，givebirthto，inone’sturn，carbondioxide，prevent。。。from2。letstudentslearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth。能力目标1。developstudents’readingabilityandletthemlearndifferentreadingskills。2。enablestudentstoknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth。情感目标1。trainstudents’interestinscienceandstimulatetheirloveforastronomy。2。developstudents’senseofcooperativelearning。
　　教学过程设计方案（一）step1presentationhaveafreetalkwithstudents。1。letstudentsbrainstormthefollowingquestions：whoareourancestors？doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedontheearth？doyouknowhowlifebeganontheearth？doyouwanttogetmoreinformation？2。tellstudents：todaywewilllearnsomethingabouthowlifebeganontheearth。turntopage25。let’scometowarmingupfirst。step2warmingupletstudentsthinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandthendiscussthemwiththeirpartners。1。inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun。whatarethey？canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets？venusearthmarsmercuryjupiterneptunesaturn2。whatinterestsyouinastronomy？doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin？step3prereading1。getstudentstodiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners。1）theoriginoflifeonearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomers。whatdoyouknowaboutit？2）eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth。whatdoyouknowaboutthem？2。letthemtelltheirstories。encouragethemtotelldifferentstories。iftheydon’tknowany，tellthemsome，forexample，panguseparatedtheskyfromtheearth，panguturnedintoamyriadofthings，nuwamademen，andsoon。3。askthemtoreadthetitleandlookatthepictures。predictwhatthereadingwillbeabout。step4reading1。fastreadinggetstudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandthenwritedownthemainideaforeachparagraphandthewholepassageinthefollowingchart。howlifebeganontheearthparagraph1paragraph2paragraph3paragraph4paragraph5thepassageletstudentslookthroughthechartandthenreadthetextsilently。threeminuteslater，checktheanswerswiththewholeclass。2。intensivereadingallowstudentstoreadthepassagecarefullythistimetogettheimportantdetails，andthenfinishthefollowing：1）puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline。（1）insectsandamphibiansappeared。（2）dinosaursappeared。（3）theearthbecameasolidball。（4）smallplantsgrowonthewater。（5）reptilesappeared。（6）plantsbegintogrowondryland。（7）theearthwasacloudofdust。（8）waterappearedontheearth。（9）shellfishandotherfishappeared。（10）theuniversebeganwithabigbang。（11）cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared。（12）mammalsappeared。2）choosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothetext。（1）whatisimportantforthebeginningoflife？a。thewaterontheearth。b。theearth’satmosphere。c。theformofforests。d。dissolvingharmfulgases。（2）whichofthefollowingappearedontheearthfirst？a。insects。b。reptiles。c。amphibians。d。shellfishandfish。（3）whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue？a。waterstillexistsonmars。b。theearth’satmosphereismadeupofoxygenandnitrogen。c。theearthhaddissolvedtheharmfulatmosphereintotheoceansandseas。d。plantsprovideoxygentotheearth。（4）whatisthepassagemainlyabout？a。theappearanceanddevelopmentoflifeontheearth。b。thebirthoftheearth。c。whydinosaursdiedout。d。thefactthathumanbeingscausedglobalwarming。suggestedanswers：（1）a（2）d（3）d（4）a3。readinganddiscussionreadthetextathirdtimeandthenworkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions。1）whywastheearthdifferentfromtheotherplanets？2）whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame？3）whyisitwrongtoshowfilmswithdinosaursandpeopletogether？4）thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem。recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet。doyouknowthenameofthatplanet？doyouknowwhytheyremovedit？5）whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings？（letstudentshaveenoughtimetoreadthepassagecarefullyanddiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners。encouragethemtoexpresstheirownideas。）4。explanationhelpstudentsanalyzesomedifficult，longandcomplexsentencesandguessthemeaningofsomenewwords。encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext。discussthefollowingimportantsentencesandphrasesinthepassage。1）whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4。5and3。8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe。2）theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot。3）theywereintimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervaporandothergases，whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere。4）sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved。suggestedexplanations：1）whatleadsanounclauseasthesubjectandwhenleadsanattributiveclause。2）herewhethertheshapewouldlastornotisanounclauseasthesubject。3）herewhichweretomaketheearth’satmosphereisanonrestrictiveattributiveclause。intime：1）soonerorlater；eventually2）intime（forsth。todosth。）：notlateiwillseehimintime。shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner。4）inthissentence，therearetwoclausesledbywhether。thefirstoneisanounclauseasthesubjectandthesecondastheobject。tocome：servesasattributivesheisthelastpersontodosuchathing。dependon：somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforitoursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot。5。readingaloudandunderliningaskstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence。tellthemtopickoutalltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothenotebooksafterclassashomework。collocations：ontheearth，accordingto，acloudofdust，so。。。that，whether。。。ornot，intime，watervapor，cooldown，onone’ssurface，allow。。。todo。。。，achainreaction，millionsof，onthesurfaceof，beableto，aswellas，bydoing。。。。，layeggs，bedifferentfrom，givebirthto，spreadallovertheearth，inone’sturn，prevent。。。from，asaresultof，too。。。to。。。，dependonstep5discussionafterreadingthepassage，letstudentsdiscussthefollowingquestions。1。whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth？2。doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets？whyorwhynot？3。doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets？step6consolidationaskstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpofthefollowing。acloudofdustasolidballpresenceofwatersmallplantsgrowonthewatershellfishandotherfishappearplantsbegintogrowondrylandinsectsandamphibiansappearretilesappeardinosaursappearmammalsappearstep7homework1。learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart。2。readthereadingpassageagainandtrytotalkabouthowlifebeganontheearthinyourownwords。设计方案（二）step1leadinginthetopicshowstudentsapictureaboutsolarsystem。letthemmatchthenameswiththeplanets。step2warmingupeachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth。letstudentstelldifferentstoriesthattheyknow。step3predictingbylookinganddiscussing1。lookatthepicturesandtitleofthereadingpassageanddiscussinpairswhatthepassagemightbeabout。2。twoorthreestudentswillgivetheiropinions。3。letthemreadthepassagequicklytoseeiftheyareright。step4reading1。givestudents3minutes，andaskthemtoskimthepassagetogetthegeneralideaforeachparagraphandthepassage。2。givestudents5minutestoreadthepassagecarefully，andthenanswerthefollowingquestions。1）whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifebegan？2）whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon？3）whydidanimalsfirstappearinthesea？4）whydogreenplantshelplifetodevelop？5）whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals？3。givestudents4minutestoreadthepassageathirdtime。encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext。givethemsomeexplanationsifnecessary。4。listeningandreadingaloudletstudentslistentothetape。remindthemtopayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence。thenaskthemtoreadthetextaloudtothetape。step5extensionletstudentsthinkaboutanddiscussthefollowingquestions。1。doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets？whyorwhynot？2。doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets？step6closingdown1。havestudentsgetpreparedin3minutesorsoandthenaskthemtoretellhowlifebeganontheearth。2。askasmanystudentsaspossibletohaveatryinfrontoftheclass。step8homework1。gooverthetextandtrytolearnalltheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart。2。finishtheexercisesincomprehendingonpage27。
　　板书设计
　　unit4astronomy：thescienceofthestars
　　warmingupandreadinghowlifebeganontheearthparagraph1paragraph2paragraph3paragraph4paragraph5thepassage
　　活动与探究supposeyouareanexpertwhostudiesastronomy。youareinvitedtogiveaspeechtotheschoolstudentsaboutthedevelopmentoflifeonearthday（april22）。readthepassagehowlifebeganontheearthagainandgotothelibraryorsurftheinternettofindmoreinformationandbereadytopresentyourspeechtotheclass。youmaybeginlikethis：goodmorningafternoon。iamgreatlyhonoredtobeheretogiveyouaspeechaboutthedevelopmentoflife。。。。