Unitampnbsp9Healthampnbspcare

　　unit9healthcare
　　。briefstatementsbasedontheunit
　　healthcare，thetopicofthisunit，isconnectedwithourdailylifeclosely。theimprovementofhealthcareisnotonlyanassuranceofpeople’shealth，butalsoasignofthesociety’sdevelopment，sothestudents’interestinitcaneasilybearoused。thus，theirintegratingskillstouselanguagecanbewelldeveloped。
　　byfinishingthetasksofwarmingup，speaking，writingandgrammar，thestudentsnotonlypractiseexpressingopinions，butalsopractiseusingthesubjunctivemoodtotalkaboutthingsthatareimaginaryorunrealeventsandsituations。bylistening，thestudentslearnsomethingaboutthewhoandtheoutbreakingandcontrollingofthesars。byreadingonepassage，thestudentslearnthatthegovernmentandsomeinternationalorganizationsaremakingeffortstoimprovetheweakestmembers’healthcaresituationsinordertoreducepoverty。byreadinganotherpassage，thestudentslearnsomethingaboutflemingthepenicillindiscovererandthegreatcontributionsmadebyhimtohealthcare。atthesametime，thestudentslearnsomeusefulwordsandexpressionsforhealthcare。
　　。teachinggoals
　　1。talkabouthealthcare。
　　2。practisetalkingaboutsocietyandvalues。
　　3。practiseexpressingopinions。
　　4。reviewthesubjunctivemood（2）。
　　5。writeanarticleforajournal。
　　。backgroundinformation
　　siralexanderfleming
　　siralexanderflemingwasbornatlochfieldneardarvelinayrshire，scotlandonaugust6th，1881。heattendedloudenmoorschool，darvelschool，andkilmarnockacademybeforemovingtolondonwhereheattendedthepolytechnic。hespentfouryearsinashippingofficebeforeenteringst。mary’smedicalschool，londonuniversity。hequalifiedwithdistinctionin1906andbeganresearchatst。mary’sundersiralmrothwright，apioneerinvaccinetherapy。hegainedm。b。，b。s。，（london），withgoldmedalin1908，andbecamealectureratst。mary’suntil1914。heservedthroughoutworldwarasacaptaininthearmymedicalcorps，beingmentionedindispatches，andin1918hereturnedtost。mary’s。hewaselectedprofessoroftheschoolin1928andemeritusprofessorofbacteriology，universityoflondonin1948。hewaselectedfellowoftheroyalsocietyin1943andknightedin1944。
　　siralexanderwrotenumerouspapersonbacteriology，immunologyandchemotherapy，includingoriginaldescriptionsoflysozymeandpenicillion。theyhavebeenpublishedinmedicalandscientificjournals。
　　earlyinhismedicallife，flemingbecameinterestedinthenaturalbacterialactionofthebloodandinantiseptics。hewasabletocontinuehisstudiesthroughouthismilitarycareerandondemobilizationhesettledtoworkonantibacterialsubstanceswhichwouldnotbetoxictoanimaltissues。in1921，hediscoveredintissuesandsecretionsanimportantbacteriolyticsubstancewhichhenamedlysozyme。aboutthistime，hedevisedsensitivitytitrationmethodsandassaysinhumanbloodandotherbodyfluids，whichhesubsequentlyusedforthetitrationofpenicillin。in1928，whileworkingoninfluenzavirus，heobservedthatmouldhaddevelopedaccidentlyonastaphylococcuscultureplateandthatthemouldhadcreatedabacteriafreecirclearounditself。hewasinspiredtofurtherexperimentandhefoundthatamouldculturepreventedgrowthofstaphylococci，evenwhendiluted800times。henamedthecativesubstancepenicillin。
　　fleming，afellowoftheroyalcollegeofsurgeons（england），1909，andafellowoftheroyalcollegeofphysicians（london），1944，hasgainedmanyawards。theyincludehunterianprofessor（1919），arrisandgalelecturer（1929）andhonorarygoldmedal（1946）oftheroyalcollegeofsurgeons；williamsjuliusmicklefellowship，universityoflondon（1942）；charlesmicklefellowship，universityoftoronto（1944）；johnscottmedal，cityguildofphiladelphia（1944）；cameronprize，universityofedinburgh（1945）；moxonmedal，royalcollegeofphysicians（1945）；cutterlecturer，harvarduniversity（1945）；albertgoldmedal，royalsocietyofarts（1946）；goldmedal，royalsocietyofmedicine（1947）；medalformerit，u。s。a。（1947）；andthegrandcrossofalphonsexthewise，spain（1948）。
　　heservedaspresidentofthesocietyforgeneralmicrobiology。hewasamemberofthepontificalacademyofscienceandhonorarymemberofalmostallthemedicalandscientificsocietiesoftheworld。hewasrectorofedinburghuniversityduring19511954，freemanofmanyboroughsandcitiesandhonorarychiefdoygeitauofthekiowatribe。hewasalsoawardeddoctorate，honoriscause，degreesofalmostthirtyeuropeanandamericanuniversities。
　　in1915，flemingmarriedsarahmarionmcelroyofkillala，ireland，whodiedin1949。theirsonisageneralmedicalpractitioner。
　　flemingmarriedagainin1953，hisbridewasdr。amaliakoutsourivoureka，agreekcolleagueatst。mary’s。
　　inhisyoungerdayshewasakeenmemberoftheterritorialarmyandheservedfrom1900to1914asaprivateinthelondonscottishregiment。
　　drflemingdiedonmarch11thin1955andisburiedinst。paul’scathedral。
　　。teachingtime：fiveperiods
　　thefirstperiod
　　teachingaims：
　　1。talkabouthealthcare。
　　2。trainthestudents’listeningabilityandhelpthemgetsomeinformationaboutthewho。
　　3。trainthestudents’speakingabilityandpractiseexpressingopinionsusingthesubjunctivemood。
　　teachingimportantpoints：
　　1。trainthestudents’listeningandspeakingabilities。
　　2。learnaboutsocietyandhealthcare。
　　teachingdifficultpoints：
　　1。helpthestudentstalkinenglishabouthealthcarefreely。
　　2。helpthestudentsfinisheachtasksmoothly。
　　teachingmethods：
　　1。discussiontogetthestudentstotalkaboutsocietyandlearnmoreaboutit。
　　2。inpidul，pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudentactiveinclassandfinisheachtaskwell。
　　teachingaids：
　　1。themultimedia
　　2。theblackboard
　　teachingprocedures：
　　stepgreetings
　　greetthewholeclassasusual。
　　stepwarmingup
　　t：today，we’llbegintolearnunit9healthcare（bb：unit9healthcare）。let’sbeginourclasswithaquestionwhatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantinyourlifeandwhy？thinkforawhileandanswerit。
　　（amomentlater，thestudentsbegintogivetheiranswers。）
　　s1：ithinkjobsarethemostimportant。withoutjobs，lifeismeaningless。what’smore，you’llbepoor。（bb：ithink。。。。）
　　s2：inmyopinion，moneyisthemostimportant。thoughmoneydoesn’tmeaneverything，youcandonothingwithoutmoney，evenyoucanloseyourlifewithoutmoney’shelp。（bb：inmyopinion，。。。。）
　　s3：ibelieveknowledgeisthemostimportant，becauseknowledgeispowerandknowledgecanbringusafulllife。（bb：ibelieve。。。。）
　　s4：familyisthemostimportanttome。withoutfamily，withoutwarmth。
　　s5：personallyspeaking，friendsarethemostimportant。withfriends，withhelp。（bb：personallyspeaking，。。。。）
　　s6：ithinkhealthisthemostimportantinmylife。withouthealth，withouthappiness。
　　。。。
　　t：well，allyouropinionssoundreasonable。ithinkallofthemareimportant，asallofthemarecloselyrelatedtoeachother。ok。now，pleaselookatthefourpicturesinyourbooksandfindoutwhatisthemostimportanttothepersonsintrouble。
　　ss：itseemsthattheyallhavesomedifficultywithhealth。ofcourse，healthisthemostimportanttothem。
　　t：whathelpdotheyneed？
　　ss：medicaltreatmentandhealthcare。
　　t：ifoneofthemwereyouoramemberofyourfamily，whatwouldyoudo？
　　ss：iwouldtrymybesttochangethesituation。ificouldn’tdothat，iwouldaskforhelpfromsociety。
　　t：ok。now，pleaseopenyourbooksatpage73。lookatex。1inwarmingupandfinishitinthreeminutes。theni’llasksomestudentstoanswerthemusingthesentencestructureif。。。didwere。。。，iwoulddo。。。。seewhatimean？（bb：if。。。didwere。。。，iwoulddo。。。。）
　　ss：yes。
　　（threeminuteslater，teacheraskssomestudentstoanswerthem。onestudent，onequestion。）
　　suggestedanswers：
　　8226；ifsomeoneinmyfamilygotseriouslyill，iwouldsendhimhertothebesthospitalfortreatment。
　　8226；ifmyparentslosttheirjobs，iwouldhelpthemtosupportthefamily。
　　8226；ifanaccidentdestroyedmyfamilyhome，iwouldaskforhelpfromthegovernmenttorebuildit。
　　8226；ificouldnotaffordtogotoschool，iwouldtakeabankloantopayformystudies。
　　8226；ifiweresickbutcouldnotpayformedicaltreatment，iwouldturntosocietyforhelp。
　　t：it’scleverofyoutobeabletoovercomedifficulty。next，lookatex。2。workinpairsandmakealistofsituationswhereapersonwouldneedhelpfromthepeoplearoundhimorher。afterfinishingit，handyourpapersin。（theteachercollectsthestudents’papers。）
　　steppreparationforlistening
　　t：well，somuchforwarmingup。weallknowthereisanationalorganizationwhichisdevotedtoimprovingpeople’shealth。whichorganizationisit？what’sitsname？
　　ss：theworldhealthorganization。
　　t：youareright。whatdoyouknowaboutit？wangfei，canyouhaveatry？
　　s7：itistheunitednations’specializedagencyforhealth。itwasestablishedon7april，1948。thewhoistheshortformofitsname。
　　t：well。thankyou。who’dliketosayanythingelseaboutit？
　　s8：thewhoisgovernedby192memberstatesthroughtheworldhealthassembly。thehealthassemblyiscomposedofrepresentativesfromthewho’smemberstates。themaintasksoftheworldhealthassemblyaretoapprovethewhoprogrammeandtheboudgetforthefollowingbienniumandtodecidemajorpolicyquestions。
　　t：thankyou。sitdown，please。doyouthinkthewhoplaysanimportantroleinimprovingtheworld’shealth？whyorwhynot？
　　s9：yes。becauseitsgoalistheattainmentbyallpeoplesofthehighestpossiblelevelofhealth。
　　t：doyouagreewithhimher？
　　ss：yes。
　　t：then，doyouknowthereasonwhythewhowascreatedanditsfunctionsindefeatingdiseases？
　　ss：notveryclearly。
　　t：so，let’slistentothetapeandgetmoreinformationaboutthewho。
　　steplistening
　　t：now，pleaseturntopage74。first，gothroughthequestionsofex。2asquicklyaspossible。theni’llplaythetapeofthefirstpartforyoutofindouttheanswers。besuretowritesomekeywordstohelpyou。
　　（teacherplaysthetapeatleasttwice。thenchecktheanswers。afterthat，teachergoesontodealwithex。3。）
　　t：now，lookatthequestionsofex。3。fromthequestionswecanlearnthatthesecondpartofthetapemustbeaboutthesars。itwilltellabouttheoutbreakingandthecontrollingofthesars。doyouagreewithme？
　　ss：yes。
　　t：well，nowpleaselistentothetapeandanswerthequestions。ifnecessary，i’llplayitmoretimes。
　　（teacherbeginstoplaythetape。intheend，asksomestudentstoanswerthequestions。）
　　stepspeaking
　　t：fromthelisteningactivity，we’velearntthatboththegovernmentandthewhoplayedimportantrolesincontrollingthesars。actually，asthegovernmentdevelopstheeconomy，itisalsomakingeffortstoimprovehealthcare。now，imaginethatagovernmentprogrammehasgivenyourtown2000000yuantoimprovehealthcareinyourarea。howshouldthemoneybeused？agooddecisionmustbemade。ifyouwerethemayorofyourtown，whatwouldyoudo？
　　ss：callameetingtodiscussit。
　　t：goodidea。well，pleaselookattherolecardsinspeakingandprepareforthediscussion。workingroupsoffivewithoneasthemayor，tryingtomakeagooddecision。iseverythingclear？
　　ss：yes。
　　（teacherpidesthestudentsintogroupsoffiveandgivesthemenoughtimetodiscussthequestion。intheend，teacherasksoneortwogroupstoreporttheirworktotherestoftheclass。）
　　asampledialogue：
　　mayor：today，we’reheretoattendthismeeting，mainlydiscussinghowtomakereasonableuseofthe2000000yuanhealthcarefundsgivenbyourgovernment。wouldyoupleasegiveyourownopinions？
　　studenta：theequipmentforthehospitalinourtownaresorelativelybackwardthatitdirectlyaffectstheimprovementofhealthcare。therefore，ithinkwe’dbetterusethissumofmoneytopurchasesomenewequipmentforthehospitalinourtown。
　　studentb：ithinkthat，currently，peopleareshortofsomebasiccommonknowledgeofhealthcare。moreover，enoughworkontheawarenessandprecautionofillnesshasnotbeendoneyet，so，frommypointofview，moreworkshouldbedoneontheprevalenceofhealthcare。itisnaturalthatthemoneyshouldbeusedtoteachpeopleinourareaabouthealthcare。
　　studentc：atpresent，itisacommonphenomenonthatordinarypeoplefeartoseeadoctorjustbecausetheycannotaffordtheexpenditureofhealthcare，soithinkit’llbemoresuitabletousethissumofmoneytohelppoorpeoplepayfortreatment。
　　studentd：presently，comparedwithdoctors，patientsaremuchmore。itistheunproportionatenumberbetweendoctorsandpatientsthatmakesitdifficultfortheordinarypeopletogetnecessaryhealthcare，so，whatismoreimportantnowistousethissumofmoneytohiremoredoctors。
　　mayor：allthatyou’vesuggestedsoundsreasonabletome，butthemoneyisreallylimited。comparedtotheothersuggestions，theonemadebystudentdseemstobemorepractical，becausethisisthemosturgentsituationwearefacing。onlyifwehaveenoughdoctorsfirstcanwebuildupanewmodernhospital。thenthehealthcarecanbegreatlyimprovedinourtown。
　　stepsummaryandhomework
　　t：inthisclass，we’vemainlytalkedabouthealthcare。centeringonthistopic，we’velearntsomethingaboutthewhoandsociety。healthcareisveryimportantforallofus，especiallythoseinneedofhelp。besides，we’vepractisedexpressingopinionsusingithink。。。。，andif。。。，iwould。。。。。afterclass，practisethemagainandusetheinternettolearnmoreabouthealthcareandsociety。inaddition，remembertopreviewthereadingpart。somuchfortoday。goodbye，everyone。
　　ss：goodbye，mrms。。。。
　　stepthedesignofthewritingonthe
　　blackboard
　　unit9healthcare
　　thefirstperiod
　　ithink。。。inmyopinion。。。。
　　ibelieve。。。。personallyspeaking。。。。
　　if。。。didwere。。。。iwould。。。。
　　steprecordafterteaching